Schematic picture of the rainout process in a polluted envelope. Cooling (from left to right) leads to condensation of silicate in an oversaturated outer envelope and settling of the condensed silicates to deeper undersaturated layers. Condensation and settling release energy (curly arrows), which leads to envelope extension and an inflated radius in comparison to a planet with the same composition in the core-envelope structure. Rainout ends when the planet reaches a core-envelope structure, and the radius inflation is diminished. The axes in the figure are not to scale.