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Table 2
Most important values of basic parameters that were used in numerical simulations.
| Parameter | Value(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Radius of the comet (m) | RN = 1500 | Adopted value |
| Emissivity (−) | ϵ = 0.9 | (Wesołowski 2021a) |
| Radius of the coma (m) | Rc = 1 × 108 | (Gronkowski & Wesołowski 2015) |
| Power index (−) | q = 3.7 | (Lin et al. 2017) |
| Average radius of cometary particles (m) | rgr = 1.59 × 10−6 | (Wesołowski et al. 2020b) |
| Solar zenithal angle (º) | ζ = 41.81 | (Wesołowski 2021c) |
| Porosity of the particles (−) | ψ = 0.7 | (Groussin et al. 2019) |
| Porosity of the dust layer (−) | ψd = 0.42 | (Kossacki et al. 2022a) |
| Thickness of layer (m) | d = 3 × 10−3 | (Kossacki et al. 2022a) |
| Radius of pores (m) | rp = 0.21 × 10−3 | (Kossacki et al. 2022b) |
| Total surface of nucleus (m) | SN = 2.83 × 107 | Calculated value |
| Molar mass of water ice (kg) | µ = 0.018 | Adopted value |
| Universal gas constant (J mol−1 K−1) | Rg = 8.314 | Adopted value |
| Latent heat of sublimation (J kg−1) | H = 2.8 × 106 | (Groussin & Lamy 2003) |
| Refractive index for cometary ice particles (−) | nice = 1.31 + 0.005i | Adopted value |
| Scattering coefficient for ice particles (−) | Qice = 2.181 | Calculated value based on Eq. (10) (Wesołowski et al. 2020a) |
| Asymmetry coefficient (−) | gice = 0.874 | Calculated value based on Eq. (17) (Wesołowski et al. 2020a) |
| Phase function (−) | p(θ)i = 0.289 | Calculated value based on Eq. (16) (Wesołowski et al. 2020a) |
| Dust-to-gas mass ratio of the t1 phase (−) | κ1=1 | (Gronkowski & Wesołowski 2015; Choukroun et al. 2020) |
| Dust-to-gas mass ratio of the t2 phase (−) | κ2=3 | Adopted value |
| Heat conductivity (Wm−1 K−1) | λ(T)= 3 × 10−2 | (Fulle et al. 2020) |
| Average gradient of the temperature (K cm−1 ) | ∇T = 4 | (Fulle et al. 2020) |
| Density of the compact ice (kg m−3) | ϱgr = 933 | (Wesołowski et al. 2022) |
| Density of the agglomerate (kg m−3) | ϱagl = 875 | Calculated value based on Eq. (11) (Wesołowski et al. 2022) |
| Bulk density of the tested sand (kg m−3) | ϱsand = 2724 ± 10 | (Wesołowski et al. 2022) |
| Bulk density of the tested charcoal (kg m−3) | ϱcharcoal = 744 ± 10 | (Wesołowski et al. 2022) |
| Bulk density of the tested ash (kg m−3) | ϱash = 550 ± 10 | Adopted value |
| Bolometric albedo for sand (%) | AB(sand) = 28.47 | Calculated value based on Fig. 5 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Bolometric albedo for ash (%) | AB(ash) = 21.09 | Calculated value based on Fig. 5 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Bolometric albedo for charcoal (%) | AB(charcoal) = 2.15 | Calculated value based on Fig. 5 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Bolometric albedo for sample A (%) | AB(A)= 19.40 | Calculated value based on Fig. 6 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Bolometric albedo for sample B (%) | AB(B) = 7.35 | Calculated value based on Fig. 6 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Bolometric albedo for sample C (%) | AB(C) = 3.45 | Calculated value based on Fig. 6 and Eq. (1) in this paper |
| Geometric albedo for charcoal (%) | pv(charcoal) = 6.76 | Calculated value based on Fig. 5, Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) in this paper |
| Geometric albedo for sample C (%) | Pv(C) = 10.84 | Calculated value based on Fig. 6, Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) in this paper |
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