Variations of cos(Ψ_star, BH) from our sample of primary BHs with a mass M_BH > 2 × 10⁴ M_⊙ with respect to the BH mass (first column), the host galaxy mass (second column), and BH spin (third column) at three different redshifts (z = 2, 1, and 0.18). In each panel, we divided the BH sample into two subsamples, characterized by the blue and red colors, and show the corresponding distributions of Ψ_star, BH in the upper part of the panels. Here, the angular momentum of each associated galaxy is calculated within spheres of radius R_e.