Normalized distributions of cos(Ψ_star, BH), the angle between the BH spin, and the angular momentum of the stellar component of the host galaxy. The latter was computed within spheres of radius R_e (blue histograms), 5 × R_e (black lines), and 0.2 × R_e (dotted red lines). The results are showns at three different redshifts (z = 2, 1 and 0.18) as well as two lower BH mass limits, 2 × 10⁴ M_⊙ (left column) and 4 × 10⁴ M_⊙ (right column). In each panel, the number of primary black holes considered to derive the histograms is indicated.