Fig. 3.

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Tully–Fisher relation of galaxies in TNG (black and red dots) and observations. The vflat of TNG galaxies is measured by averaging the flat part (0.05 − 0.2 rvir) of the rotation curve. The observations are adopted from Lelli et al. (2016) assuming the mass-to-light ratio Γ = 0.5 M⊙/L⊙ based on the IMF suggested by Kroupa et al. (2001).
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