Azimuthally averaged surface mass-loss profile of the PEWIND model. The coloured circles indicate the individual samples and the green solid line is obtained by smoothing the samples using a Gaussian kernel with σ = 3. The dashed black line shows the surface mass-loss profile of the primordial disc by Picogna et al. (2019), which does not have any sub-structures; the vertical dashed line indicates the planet’s location. The dashed-dotted black line shows the 1d surface density profile.