Fig. 3.
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Ionizing photon production efficiency as a function of redshift. MACS1149-JD1 is represented by circles, where we distinguish between the values of the integrated galaxy (red) and the spatially resolved clumps N (green) and S (yellow). The squares indicate galaxies spectroscopically identified at z ≳ 6 with JWST (Fujimoto et al. 2023; Jung et al. 2023; Morishita et al. 2023; Saxena et al. 2024; Matthee et al. 2023; Tang et al. 2023; Atek et al. 2024; Boyett et al. 2024b). The green area shows the canonical value for the ionizing photon efficiency (Robertson et al. 2013). The black line and gray area show the variation of the photon efficiency with redshift and its uncertainty (Matthee et al. 2017).
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