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Fig. 7.

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Mean lobe surface brightness estimates Bν at νref = 150 MHz for LoTSS DR1 RGs at z < 0.2, shown as a function of projected proper length lp. During the majority (∼90%) of their lifetime, RGs grow while maintaining a roughly constant radio luminosity. If, additionally, growth is shape-preserving, surface brightness decreases quadratically with lp. The seven golden lines therefore denote approximate evolutionary tracks of RGs at z = 0 with end-of-life radio luminosities lν ∈ {1021 W Hz−1, …, 1027 W Hz−1}. The region of parameter space where RGs can become detectable giants, lν ≥ lν, min ≔ 1024 W Hz−1, is shaded gold. The region of parameter space occupied by giants, lp ≥ lp, GRG ≔ 0.7 Mpc, is shaded green. The region of parameter space inaccessible to the LoTSS, Bν < σIν = 25 Jy deg−2, is shaded red.

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