Cumulative stellar mass function at z = 9 for JWST galaxies Parashari & Laha (2023) based on photometric redshift estimates updated with spectroscopy (green-filled area). The ΛCDM case is shown in orange and the model with a small contribution from primordial black holes is in blue; both have an efficiency of star formation ϵ = 0.32. Shaded regions show the Poisson error for each simulation. Light orange illustrates the CDM case with a more typical value of efficiency ϵ = 0.2.