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Fig. 1

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Multiwavelength image of NGC 2024. Left panel: Color-composite image of the Flame nebula (NGC 2024) showing peak intensities of 12CO (1−0) (blue) emission and isotopologues, 13CO (1−0) (green) and C18O (1−0) (red) obtained by the IRAM 30-meter telescope (image credits: Pety et al. 2017). We overlaid the SOFIA HAWC+ field of view as a white dashed rectangle. Gray contours show a network of filaments presented in Orkisz et al. (2019). We label the regions we investigate in this work: Bubble East, Bubble West, Filament, and Bubble+Filament. Right panel: ESO-VISTA image (ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA, Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit). We sketched the environments seen across NGC 2024: the H II region (white dashed circle, see Table 2 in Gaudel et al. 2023) and the filament (orange line, Orkisz et al. 2019). Light blue points are the positions of far-infrared sources in the background (Mezger et al. 1988, 1992). In addition, we labeled the edges of the expanding H II region and the direction of the stellar feedback driven by the radiation produced by recent star formation.

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