Table 6
Fluid and tidal Love numbers measured for Solar System planets and minor bodies and exoplanets.
| Body | Fluid Love number k2,p | Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| WASP-19Ab |  |
RVs and TTVs: periastron precession | This work |
| WASP-18Ab |  |
RVs and TTVs: periastron precession | Csizmadia et al. (2019) |
| WASP-103b(†) |  |
LCs: shape deformation | Barros et al. (2022) |
| WASP-121b(†) |  |
LCs: shape deformation | Hellard et al. (2020) |
| Jupiter | 0.565 ± 0.006 | Juno: Doppler shift measurements | Durante et al. (2020) |
| Saturn | 0.390 ± 0.024 | Cassini: gravitational perturbations on Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea | Lainey et al. (2017) |
| Enceladus | 0.9896 ± 0.0103 | Cassini: quadrupole gravity field and its hemispherical asymmetry | Taubner et al. (2016) |
| Neptune | 0.392 | Orbital perturbations on Triton and Nereid | Jacobson (2009) |
| Body | Tidal Love number | Method | Reference |
| HAT-P-13b |  |
RVs and TTVs: ė and  |
Buhler et al. (2016) |
| “ ” | 0.81 ± 0.10 | RVs and TTVs: ė and  |
Hardy et al. (2017) |
| Mercury | 0.53 ± 0.03 | MESSENGER: topography | Konopliv et al. (2020) |
| Venus | 0.295 ± 0.066 | Magellan and Pioneer Venus Orbiter: Doppler tracking | Konopliv & Yoder (1996) |
| Moon | 0.02416 ± 0.00022 | GRAIL and LLR: mapping of the gravitational field | Williams et al. (2014) |
| Mars | 0.183 0.009 | Mars Express: Doppler tracking and characterization of the orbits of Phobos and Deimos | Jacobson & Lainey (2014) |
| Titan | 0.637 ± 0.112 | Cassini: response to Saturn’s variable tidal field | Iess et al. (2012) |
Notes. In the first half of the table, we show fluid Love numbers, which are comparable with our result. In the second half, we report tidal Love numbers. They refer to different quantities, so they are not comparable, except at longer periods when elastic stresses relax.(†) Calculated from h2 assuming hydrostatic equilibrium.
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