Chemical profiles and exsolution heat release for our 1.16 M_⊙ ONe-core model including crystallization and exsolution at different stages of the white dwarf evolution. The dashed green (dotted blue) line displays the ¹⁶O (²⁰Ne) numerical abundance, the solid black line depicts the energy released by the exsolution process in units of 10⁻⁵ erg gr⁻¹ s⁻¹, the dot-dashed orange line displays the Ne numerical abundance a_i of the Ne-depleted mixture, and the dot-dot-dashed purple line depicts the fraction of ions in the Ne-enriched mixture M_i/N_TOT (see Sect. 2.3 for details). Panels a–d show the moments before the crystallization onset (T_eff = 25 700 K), after 95% of the mass has crystallized (T_eff = 8900 K), when 50% of the white dwarf mass has begun exsolution (T_eff = 6400 K), and when 80% of the white dwarf mass has begun exsolution (T_eff = 5300 K), respectively. These epochs are marked in Fig. 2 by crosses.