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Fig. 8.

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Time evolution of the drag force and its components for q = 0.25, Cd = 0.23, and Ch = 4.0. The visualization of these quantities represents how each of them enters the drag force according to Eq. (5). The drag force is in the nonlinear regime, i.e., ℳ > 1.01 and η > 0.1, during the whole simulation. The ratio between the drag force and the gravitational force, Fg, is also shown. The vertical dashed gray line indicates the end of the dynamical plunge-in phase as determined by Eq. (22).

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