Hydrostatic mass biases estimated at different radii. In orange, the hydrostatic mass bias computed with the 3D radial profiles from the high-resolution simulation. The dashed lines represent the hydrostatic mass biases estimated with 3D-deprojected profiles from several projections. The blue dotted line is the Fil projection, the green dashed and grey dash-dotted lines are the Filx and Fily projections, respectively. The red solid profile is the Cen projection. For both panels, the vertical solid line is R₅₀₀, the vertical dashed line is the virial radius. At around 300 and 850 kpc, the total mass is overestimated up to a factor 6 due to pressure discontinuities observed in Figs. 2 and 6. The large scatter in the projections at R_vir shows the impact of the integrated matter along each direction. The biases obtained from fitted profiles are lower at 300 and 850 kpc but consistent with those from simulation-derived profiles at R₅₀₀ and R_vir.