Temperature and column density maps of the entire field. (a) and (b) Dust temperature and column density distributions in the G333 complex and the G331 GMC derived from Hi-GAL data processed by PPMAP, respectively. (c) Column density distribution in the G333 complex and the G331 GMC derived from ATLASGAL+Planck 870 µm data. (d) Excitation temperature distribution in the G333 complex derived from ¹²CO (3−2) emission by an LTE analysis in the velocity range [−60, −35] km s⁻¹.