Electron VDFs (color curves) normalized by the electron densities as a function of the signed kinetic energy, at different heights (see labels). Theoretical VDFs computed from Eq. (11) are plotted as thick grey lines. Ion VDFs (not shown) are the same if plotted against sign(p)p²/2M. In the bottom panel, a magnification of the central region of the same VDFs is shown to highlight the disappearance of the Gaussian profile.