Precision–recall curves of ASID-C evaluated across five distinct S/N bins. The PR-AUC values show an upward trend with increasing S/N, highlighting the model’s adaptability to different noise conditions. The PR-AUC values for stars are consistently higher than those for galaxies; this discrepancy is primarily attributable to the class imbalance in the dataset, where stars outnumber galaxies. Despite this challenge, ASID-C maintains commendable PR-AUC values even in the lowest S/N bin, emphasizing its resilience and effectiveness in classifying both celestial objects under varying observational conditions.