Fig. 1

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Time evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio in protoplanetary discs with α = 10−4 (top) and α = 10−3 (bottom) and disc radii of Rc = 100 AU (left) and Rc = 250 AU (right). The vertical lines indicate the evaporation fronts of the different chemical species, where inward-drifting pebbles evaporate and recondense, leading to pile-ups in the solid density.
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