Fig. 4

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Snapshots of mantle temperature and velocity fields for 55 Cancri e models with Tday = 2800 K and Tnight = 1150 K. High velocities (more than three times the mean mantle velocity) are indicated by red arrows. The magma ocean is indicated in red (fully molten) and orange (partially molten). H0, HE, and Hh indicate no internal heating, Earth-like internal heating, and high internal heating respectively. The left column shows the models with a constant CMB temperature. The right column shows the models where the CMB temperature decreases due to core cooling. For all models, a magma ocean forms on the dayside, and the nightside is partially molten. The most prominent feature is the strong upwelling that is present on the dayside.
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