The Perseus ALMA Chemical Survey (PEACHES) - III. Sulfur-bearing species tracing accretion and ejection processes in young protostars

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Volume 678 (October 2023)

A&A, 678 (2023) A124

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Table B.3

Molecular column densities for SO, ³⁴SO, SO₂, and H₂, together with SO₂ and CH₃OH abundances

Source	N(SO) ^a·^b (×10¹⁴ cm⁻²)	N(³⁴SO) ^b (×10¹⁴ cm⁻²)	N(SO₂) ^c (×10¹⁴ cm⁻²)	N(H₂) ^d (×10²⁴ cm⁻²)	[SO₂/H₂] (×10⁻¹⁰)	[CH₃OH/H₂] (×10⁻⁹)
Class 0 (T_bol ≤ 70 K)

Per-emb 1	[4.83 – 7.16]	<1.5	[5 – 20]	29.0 ± 0.18	4.3 ± 1.7	3.1 ± 1.9
Per-emb 2	[1.94 – 2.88]	<1.4	< 4.9	5.32 ± 0.22	< 0.9	0.6 ± 0.3
Per-emb 5	[1.37 – 2.02]	< 0.7	< 2.0	11.13 ± 0.14	< 0.2	0.9 ± 0.5
Per-emb 8	[1.76 – 2.61]	< 1.1	< 4.0	5.19 ± 0.11	< 0.8	< 0.7
Per-emb 10	[3.35 – 4.97]	<1.0	< 3.8	1.42 ± 0.02	< 2.7	1.9 ± 1.1
Per-emb 11 A	≥ 4.09	[1.69 – 2.46]	[2 – 6]	6.32 ± 0.18	0.6 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.9
Per-emb 11 B	[1.30 – 1.93]	< 0.8	< 3.2	0.27 ± 0.02	< 11.9	< 9.5
Per-emb 11 C	[2.11 – 3.13]	< 0.8	< 4.0	0.26 ± 0.02	< 15.4	24.6 ± 15.5
Per-emb 12 A^e	[1.20 – 1.80]	<1.3	< 2.8	15.33 ± 1.45	< 0.2	0.5 ± 0.3
Per-emb 12 B	≥ 10.79	[8.77 – 12.74]	≥ 20	7.79 ± 0.63	> 2.6	25.7 ± 15.5
Per-emb 13	> 1.19	[3.13 – 4.54]	[2 – 7]	11.33 ± 0.33	0.4 ± 0.2	4.4 ± 2.8
Per-emb 14	[3.32 – 4.92]	< 0.5	<1.8	2.47 ± 0.03	< 0.7	<1.3
Per-emb 15	< 0.5	< 0.6	< 2.3	0.12 ± 0.01	< 19.2	< 23.3
Per-emb 16	[0.75 – 1.11]	< 0.8	< 3.2	0.22 ± 0.02	< 14.5	< 9.3
Per-emb 17	≥ 15.61	[3.77 – 5.48]	> 10	1.30 ± 0.04	> 7.7	–
Per-emb 18	≥ 6.52	[2.02 – 2.94]	[3 – 10]	2.62 ± 0.04	2.5 ± 1.1	8.8 ± 5.0
Per-emb 20	[3.45 – 5.12]	<1.2	[1 – 5]	0.10 ± 0.01	28.9 ± 9.9	125.1 ± 77.6
Per-emb 21	[1.45 – 2.15]	< 0.5	<1.4	1.65 ± 0.04	< 0.8	10.3 ± 6.1
Per-emb 22 A	[1.68 – 2.49]	< 0.7	[1 – 4]	1.20 ± 0.05	2.1 ± 0.8	16.7 ± 10.0
Per-emb 22 B	[3.50 – 5.18]	< 0.7	[1 – 4]	0.68 ± 0.05	3.7 ± 1.5	23.5 ± 14.7
Per-emb 25	[3.32 – 4.91]	< 0.7	[1 – 4]	3.56 ± 0.09	0.7 ± 0.3	<1.3
Per-emb 26	≥ 5.90	[2.29 – 3.33]	[6 – 40]	5.45 ± 0.11	4.2 ± 1.1	16.3 ± 8.1
Per-emb 27	≥ 18.81	[13.08 – 19.00]	≥ 30	4.40 ± 0.31	> 6.8	249.8 ± 114.9
Per-emb 28	< 0.8	< 0.8	< 3.2	0.89 ± 0.03	< 3.6	< 19.0
Per-emb 29	≥ 5.63	[8.82 – 12.80]	[3 – 10]	5.63 ± 0.28	1.2 ± 0.5	16.0 ± 10.5
Per-emb 33 A	[1.08 – 1.60]	< 0.9	< 1.5	6.19 ± 0.35	< 0.2	0.9 ± 0.5
Per-emb 33 B/C	< 1.2	< 0.9	< 1.5	3.34 ± 0.05	< 0.4	<1.2
Per-emb 36	≥ 5.27	[1.05 – 1.53]	[1 – 4]	4.43 ± 0.02	0.6 ± 0.2	< 0.8
Per-emb 37	[0.70 – 1.04]	< 0.5	< 1.8	0.43 ± 0.02	< 4.2	< 3.0
IRAS 4B2	< 0.8	< 0.5	< 1.8	5.45 ± 0.15	< 0.3	< 0.06
B1-bN	< 0.7	< 0.7	< 2.8	5.32 ± 0.13	< 0.5	< 0.7
B1-bS	< 0.7	<1.0	< 2.8	10.29 ± 0.11	< 0.3	1.5 ± 0.9
L1448 IRS 2E	< 2.2	< 0.7	<1.5	–	–	–
L1448 NW	≥ 3.34	[0.95 – 1.38]	[1 – 5]	2.19 ± 0.07	1.4 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.5
L1448 IRS 3A	≥ 3.55	[1.76 – 2.56]	[2 – 6]	2.08 ± 0.10	1.9 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 2.6
SVS 13 B	[0.50 – 0.74]	< 0.5	<1.8	5.05 ± 0.19	< 0.4	< 0.5

Class I (T_bol ≥ 70 K)

Per-emb 35 A	≥ 6.41	[2.42 – 3.51]	[5 – 20]	0.77 ± 0.02	16.3 ± 6.5	69.0 ± 37.8
Per-emb 35 B	≥ 5.19	[0.97 – 1.41]	[1 – 5]	0.60 ± 0.03	5.0 ± 1.7	10.5 ± 5.8
Per-emb 40	[3.90 – 5.79]	<1.3	< 4.7	1.05 ± 0.01	< 4.5	< 4.6
Per-emb 41	< 1.2	<1.7	< 4.7	0.88 ± 0.04	< 5.3	–
Per-emb 42	[3.34 – 4.95]	< 0.9	[3 – 10]	0.44 ± 0.01	14.7 ± 6.8	20.4 ± 12.2
Per-emb 44	≥ 21.05	[19.28 – 28.00]	≥ 30	4.92 ± 0.28	> 6.1	164.6 ± 63.7
Per-emb 50	≥ 12.76	[2.29 – 3.32]	[5 – 30]	3.26 ± 0.01	5.4 ± 1.5	< 0.7
Per-emb 53	[4.13 – 6.12]	< 1.1	< 3.8	0.92 ± 0.01	< 4.1	5.5 ± 3.5
Per-emb 54	[0.90 – 1.34]	<1.0	< 2.3	0.05 ± 0.01	< 46.0	< 41.5
Per-emb 55	< 1.0	< 1.1	< 4.0	0.22 ± 0.06	< 18.2	< 17.6
Per-emb 60	< 0.4	< 0.6	<1.4	0.06 ± 0.01	< 23.3	–
L1455 IRS 2	< 0.4	< 0.7	<1.5	0.08 ± 0.01	< 18.8	< 54.0
EDJ2009-172	< 0.4	< 0.6	< 3.7	0.51 ± 0.01	< 7.3	–
EDJ2009-235	< 0.4	< 0.5	<1.4	0.21 ± 0.01	< 6.7	< 19.4

Unknown T_bol

SVS 13 A2	[0.98 – 1.45]	< 0.5	< 2.3	0.52 ± 0.03	< 4.4	13.4 ± 8.9
EDJ2009-237	< 0.4	< 0.5	< 1.8	0.09 ± 0.01	< 20.0	-

Notes. ^(a)SO 6₆−5₅. ^(b)Calculated from a LTE analysis. ^(c)Estimated from RADEX (non-LTE) for n_H between 10⁷ and 10⁹ cm⁻³. ^(d)Assuming T_dust = 30 K. ^(e)Optically thick continuum emission.

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