Table 3
Upper limits of formamide with respect to H2O compared to observed abundances of formamide in various objects.
| Object | N(NH2CHO) 1017 molec cm−2 | % H2O |
|---|---|---|
| MYSOs | ||
| W33A | ≤2.8 | ≤2.2 |
| NGC 7538 IRS 9 | ≤2.0 | ≤3.1 |
| AFGL 7009s | ≤1.4 | ≤1.2 |
| LYSOs | ||
| B1c | ≤2.8 | ≤0.93 |
| 2MASS J17112317 | ≤1.3 | ≤0.68 |
| RNO 91 | ≤2.2 | ≤5.1 |
| L1527 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.50 |
| Prestellar cores | ||
| NIR38 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.5 |
| J110621 | ≤0.47 | ≤0.35 |
| LYSOs | ||
| B1c (gas) | – | ~0.05(a) |
| MYSOs | ||
| ALMAGAL average (gas) | – | ~0.05(b) |
| Comets | ||
| 67P (dust and gas) | – | 0.004(c) |
| Lemmon (gas) | – | 0.016(d) |
| Lovejoy (gas) | – | 0.021(d) |
| Hale-Bopp (gas) | – | 0.02(e) |
Notes. (a)Value calculated via the beam dilution-corrected NH2CHO/CH3OH ratio from Nazari et al. (2023), assuming a CH3OH/H2O ratio of ~5%. (b)Value calculated via the beam dilution-corrected NH2CHO/CH3OH ratio of 22 MYSO sources from Nazari et al. (2023), assuming a CH3OH/H2O ratio of ~5%. (c)Value from Rubin et al. (2019). (d)Value from Biver et al. (2014). (e)Value from Bockelée-Morvan et al. (2000).
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