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Fig. 4.

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Distance of the footpoint or feature location from its respective centroid for footpoints from TMFM and MHD, as well as brightenings and dimmings. The x-axis depicts the normalised time τ (see Sect. 3.4). Orange: western footpoint (positive polarity) region. Blue: eastern footpoint (negative polarity) region. In the top two panels, the pair of vertical lines shows the frames when the apex of the FR was between 10% and 100% of the simulation box. For the MHD results in the middle panel, we used a velocity threshold to identify relevant frames (cf. Fig. 3). For the brightening and dimming time window, we followed the steps presented in Sect. 3.3.

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