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Fig. 2.

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Artistic representation of temporal evolution of a convective element. The star is a superposition of m layers in hydrostatic equilibrium. The generic layer, Ln, is defined by the hydrostatic pressure, density, and temperature (p,ρ,T)Ln. These values are assumed to be time-independent and far away from the convective element, i.e., for every layer . Vice versa, each convective element is never in hydrostatic equilibrium with its medium, and the pressure, temperature, and density at the surface of a convective element are {pe(t),ρe(t),Te(t)}≠{p,ρ,T}. Upper and lower borders of a layer are indicated by ∂Ln = ∂Ln(x). Data are from Pasetto et al. (2019).

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