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Fig. 4.

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Time from formation until convergence to a core-envelope structure (rainout timescale) as a function of envelope mass, shown in green. Trend is shown for sub-Neptune planets that contain 6.7 M of silicates and their gas (H,He) mass is determined by the mass loss rate, from 3.3 M (original model, no mass loss) down to 0.33 M (3 M mass loss). In blue, we show the maximum radius inflation by rainout in comparison to the core-envelope structure model at the rainout timescale. Curves are polynomial fits for the evolution data points.

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