3σ outliers of the surface brightness-stellar mass surface density linear relation discussed in Sect. 4.1. The black arrows indicate the directions/positional changes on this plane, and how the outliers (open circles) will move after the correction for the r-band attenuation. The green diamond symbols mark the location of three giant LSB galaxies (Malin 1, UGC 9024, and UGC 6614, from the left to right, respectively) from the literature (Rahman et al. 2007). The black dash-dotted and the gray shaded region is the best-fit line and its 3σ confidence range as described in Sect. 4.1.