Retrieval results of the transmission spectra of HAT-P-57b, Qatar-1b, WASP-2b, WASP-10b, and WASP-32b, assuming equilibrium chemistry (left column) and free chemistry (right column). The black points with error bars are the observed data, where the points in the oxygen A-band have been excluded (755–765 nm). The orange lines and the shaded areas are the median, 1σ-, and 2σ-intervals of the retrieved spectra. The blue lines are the fiducial models assuming clear atmospheres with equilibrium temperature, 1× solar metallicity, and a solar C/O of 0.53, and the planetary radii have been adjusted to match the observed data. The panels are sorted by the normalized scale heights (2H/R_p) from top to bottom.