as a function of redshift. The empty and filled black squares and error bars show the average and standard deviation for all VANDELS objects and for those with log(M_star/M_⊙) > 9.5, respectively. Individual VANDELS sources are shown as blue circles. The VANDELS measurements are compared to the observed vs. redshift relation by Matthee et al. (2017; continuous and dashed black lines show the average and the dispersion, respectively) and to measurements from the literature for SDSS compact star-forming galaxies (Izotov et al. 2017), LBGs at z ∼ 2 − 3 (Shivaei et al. 2018) and z ∼ 4 − 5 (Bouwens et al. 2016), star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 − 4 (Nakajima et al. 2018), individual objects at z ∼ 7 − 8 (Stark et al. 2015b, 2017; Castellano et al. 2022b), bright (Endsley et al. 2021b) and faint (Endsley et al. 2023) LBGs at z ∼ 7, LBGs at z ∼ 8 (Stefanon et al. 2022), and bright and faint LBGs at z ∼ 8 − 9 observed with JWST-NIRSpec by the CEERS ERS survey (Fujimoto et al. 2023). The measurements by Shivaei et al. (2018) and Bouwens et al. (2016) are shown for both the SMC extinction law and the Calzetti et al. (2000) attenuation law. See the legend for symbols and colors.