Linear dispersion curves for KAWs propagating in the Venusian plasma for different angles with respect to the ambient magnetic field. Dispersion curves are shown for θ = 0° (orange), θ = 50° (blue), θ = 60° (dashed mint green), θ = 70° (dot-dashed pink), and θ = 80° (dotted green). Other plasma parameters: n_O0 = 40 cm⁻³, n_H0 = 16 cm⁻³, n_sp0 = n_se0 = 17 cm⁻³, n_se0 = 17 cm⁻³, T_se = 15 eV, T_e = 10 eV, and B₀ = 80 × 10⁻⁵ G.