Observed, adopted, and residual velocity maps. Observed: velocity field of M 83 using our VLA H I observations. The blue colors represent the approaching and the red is the receding side of the H I galaxy disk. Adopted tilted ring model: constructed velocity field using V_sys, V_rot, i, and position angle of the tilted ring model by Heald et al. (2016). The green colors represent the systemic velocity of ∼510 km s⁻¹ for the inner ∼23 kpc in galactocentric radius and ∼500 km s⁻¹ beyond (see Sect. 2.6.1). The tilting results in gaps between the rings, which we interpolated for the presentation of these maps (2d interpolation, see Fig. 11). We had to restrict our field of view to the model outputs (i.e. the outermost tilted ring). Residual: The difference between the observed velocities and the modeled velocities; in the range of −40 to 40 km s⁻¹.