Fig. 4

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Summary of the results of the hydrodynamic simulations. Top: peak absorption of the He I (23S) triplet resulting from the HD simulations as a function of the stellar EUV emission at the planetary orbital separation, assuming He/H abundance ratios of 0.01 (black asterisks), 0.03 (red rhombs), and 0.1 (blue triangles) and a stellar wind mass-loss rate of 1011 g s−1. The blue squares are for a He/H abundance ratio of 0.1 and a stronger stellar wind of 2×1013 g s−1. The horizontal dashed line marks the 2σ upper limit derived from the observations. The vertical dotted lines correspond to the low and high values of the EUV flux obtained following the reanalysis of the X-ray data and the scaling relations of Poppenhaeger (2022). Bottom: Same as the top panel, but for the planetary mass-loss rate.
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