Fig. 1.
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Illustration of aperture mass estimation. The area A′ is the size of the full convergence field, on which we place apertures with scale radius θ, illustrated by the circles, to obtain Map(α, θ). Apertures centred on positions α within the smaller area A lie completely within A′, while apertures centred on positions α′ outside of A extend outside of A′, so Map(α′,θ) is biased.
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