PDFs (left column) and CDFs (right column) of the deprojection factor RV D. These functions quantify how much longer RGs are than their projected lengths suggest. Top row: model without lobes. Of the three canonical measures of central tendency, only the median and mean exist (and equal and , respectively). Bottom row: model with spherical lobes. The distribution of D now depends on a parameter: the ratio η between the lobe diameter 2R and the distance between the lobe centres L. The model without lobes is recovered in the limit η → 0.