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Fig. 3

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Atmospheric models of a super-Earth of 2 R orbiting a Sun-like star. In all cases, dayside confined heat redistribution (f = 2/3) and a surface pressure of 1 bar are assumed. The top left panel shows the temperature-pressure profiles at orbital distances of 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 AU; the two highlighted cases are 0.01 AU (blue) and 0.04 AU (pink). In the top right panel the highlighted curves indicate abundances of SiO, H2O, and TiO for the case of 0.01 AU with an effective planetary temperature of 3174 K. In the same panel the faded curves represent the chemistry of the same species at 0.04 AU (Teff = 1771 K). The bottom panel contains the corresponding synthetic emission spectra, with the flat thinner curves representing black-body emission (assuming computed surface temperature). Major absorbers for the highlighted cases are indicated via shaded areas, with SiO, TiO, and hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, and HCN) the primary species of interest. Spectra are shown at a resolution of λ/∆λ = 600.

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