Short-period exoplanets with radii <4 R_⊕. Coloured symbols indicate confirmed planets; grey symbols are candidate planets from the Kepler, K2, and TESS missions. The colour value of confirmed planets represents the density of the occurrence rate, which peaks at two distinct radii (1.5 and 2.4 R_⊕), seemingly separating the population into super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. The highlighted region roughly encompasses the parameter space applicable to our modelled cases. Shown are the evaporation desert and one of the most well-studied super-Earths, 55 Cnc e. The data is from the NASA exoplanet archive.