Table 1
Model parameters.
| Parameter [unit] | Envelope-only | Envelope-plus-disk | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rin [au] | 10 | 10 | The inner radius |
| rout [au] | 5 × 104 | 5 × 104 | The outer radius of the envelope |
| ME [M⊙] | 50, 150, 300, 550, 800, 1000 | 50, 150, 300, 550, 800, 1000 | Envelope mass |
| RD [au] | – | 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 | Disk radius |
| MD [M⊙] | – | 0.27, 0.75, 3., 6.75, 12., 18.75 | Disk mass |
| Ṁ [M⊙ yr−1] | – | 3.3 × 10−4, 9.8 × 10−4, 2.0 × 10−3, 3.6 × 10−3, 5.2 × 10−3, 6.5 × 10−3 | Mass accretion rate |
| T⋆ [K] | 40000 | 40000 | Protostellar temperature |
| M⋆[ M⊙] | 30 | 30 | Protostellar mass |
| L [L⊙] | 5 × 102, 5 × 103, 104, 5 × 104, 5 × 105, 5 × 106 | 5 × 102, 5 × 103, 104, 5 × 104, 5 × 105, 5 × 106 | Bolometric luminosity |
Notes. Parameters of the fiducial model are highlighted with bold face. The disk masses were varied such that 
(an approximation to the disk surface density) stayed constant, assuming a fiducial disk mass of 3 M⊙. The centrifugal radius was fixed to 500 au (see Eq. (2) in Nazari et al. 2022b for its effect).
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