Fig. 4

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Simulation results for the disk gap at 10 au and δ = 10−4, where MG ≈ 3 × 10−3M⊕. (a) Radial profiles in one of the five simulations of the dust and gas surface densities as well as the dust-to-gas ratio at t0 when planetesimal formation starts, (b) Pebble flux and the pressure support parameter η around the pressure bump from one of the five simulations, where the dashed lines denote negative values, (c) Time sequence of mass m and semi-major axis r of the planetesimals. Planetesimals that reach 10−2 M⊕ by the end are denoted with large dots. Each colour shows one of the five simulations, which ended from t0 + 2.2 × 104 to t0 + 3.4 × 104 yr. Further descriptions are provided in the text.
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