Fig. 9

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Chemical pathways to create C2H2 and other hydrocarbon molecules without mixing (left) and with αmix = 10−3 (right) at one selected point in the disc at r = 0.15 au (see text). It is important to note the vastly different concentrations of all the hydrocarbon molecules. As in Fig. 7, the green numbers represent the particle concentrations and the blue numbers represent the rates [cm−3 s−1] in the time-independent case. The big red ‘IN’ and ‘OUT’ arrows denote the in-mixing and out-mixing rates. Wiggled arrows indicate photo-dissociation. The light green wiggled arrows are X-ray induced processes. Three reactions appear twice with an added dashed line, when a reaction is important for two reactants or products (C2H2 + C → C3 + H2, C2H2 + C → C3H + H and C3 + hv → C2 + C). On the left side, the reaction paths for C2O, C++, CH5+ and H3CS+ are not followed up.
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