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Fig. 7

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Chemical pathways to create OH and H2O molecules without mixing (left) and with αmix = 10−3 (right) at one selected point in the disc at r = 10 au located in the upper disc layers (see text). The green numbers represent the particle concentrations and the blue numbers represent the rates [cm−3 s−1] in the time-independent case. The big red ‘IN’ and ‘OUT’ arrows on the right denote the in-mixing and out-mixing rates for H2. Wiggled arrows indicate photo-dissociation. Light green arrows on the left mark the H2 formation on grains, and the radiative association reactions O + H → OH + hv and OH + H → H2O + hv. denotes electronically excited molecular hydrogen. The figure does not follow up the production of CH2+, CO+, and HCO+ marked in blue. The notation a(b) means a × 10b.

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