Fig. 5

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Vertical spreading of icy grains at r = 100 au for different mixing strengths αmix. Results are shown as a function of the vertical hydrogen nuclei column density N〈H〉. The top row of plots shows the computed gas and dust temperatures, Tg and Td. The middle row of plots shows the bare grain surface area per H nucleus = 4π〈a2〉nd/n〈H〉 after dust settling in blue, and the number of ice layers on each grain Nlayers in red. The lower plots show the concentrations of selected ice species.
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