Fig. 3

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Secular orbital evolution of the semimajor axis (left panels) and eccentricity (right panels) of a pseudo-synchronous CB planet due to creep tides, as a function of its normalized relaxation factor. The solid curves are the results of a numerical averaging of the full evolution equations, while the dashed curves represent the results of our analytical secular model. Different α-values are used in the different rows and different planetary eccentricities are shown in the different colors. The region γ2/n2 > 1 approximately corresponds to the gaseous regime while the region γ2/n2 < 1 corresponds to the stiff regime.
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