Literature (black) and new (blue) mass estimates for the HR 8799 planets. Each panel refers to the eponymous planet. For the sake of clarity, dynamical estimates (D) have been placed in the gray region, which visually separates the estimates based on a younger (10–23 Myr) age (Y) from those estimates based on an older (30–60 Myr) age (O). Different symbols for madys estimates refer to different models.