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Table 4

Classification metrics for the XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost models for the multi-class and one versus all approaches.

Approach Class Algorithm Accuracy Precision Recall F1-score
XGBoost 0.988 0.985 0.978 0.981
Multi-class Multi CatBoost 0.986 0.983 0.976 0.979
LightGBM 0.987 0.984 0.978 0.981

XGBoost 0.989 0.989 0.986 0.988
Galaxy LightGBM 0.989 0.989 0.986 0.987
CatBoost 0.988 0.988 0.984 0.986

XGBoost 0.991 0.985 0.978 0.981
One vs all QSO LightGBM 0.991 0.985 0.978 0.982
CatBoost 0.990 0.983 0.976 0.980

XGBoost 0.995 0.993 0.988 0.991
Star LightGBM 0.995 0.993 0.989 0.991
CatBoost 0.994 0.992 0.987 0.990

Notes. The metric values shown are calculated over all classes.

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