Fig. 2

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Extinction, absorption, and scattering opacity of bare grains (dashed) and ice coated grains (solid). A constant thickness of ice layers is assumed for all grains (q = 0). The composition of grains is Mg0.7Fe0.3SiO3, amorphous carbon, and porosity in the ratio 0.60:0.15:0.25, and that of ices: H2O, CH4, NH3 in the ratio 0.60:0.20:0.20. The volume of dust is VBG = 6.2894 × 10−13 cm3 cm−3 and thickness of ice is Δa = 0.246 µm. Refractory dust grain size distribution parameters are amin = 0.05 µm, amax = 3 mm, and powerlaw index 3.5. These opacities have been calculated using effective medium theory.
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