11 orthogonal LWE modes of the VLT pupil used in this study as pupil-plane perturbations. This compares to the classical decomposition shown in Fig. 6 of Sauvage et al. (2016a). Modes #1 to #3 are PP modes. Modes #4 to #11 are PTT modes. Odd numbers are for odd modes and even numbers are for even modes. Modes #4 and #8 do not contain discontinuities, and are removed from the control basis. Mode #10 controls the global curl pattern seen in Fig. 5.