A blast from the infant Universe: The very high-z GRB 210905A

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Table 4.

Closure relations.

Afterglow model	Theoretical	Observed
	α	α_1, opt = 0.69 ± 0.04	α_1, X = 0.74 ± 0.03
		σ-level ^(a)	σ-level ^(a)
ISM ^(c), wind, ν > ν_c	1.15 ± 0.06	6.38	6.11
ISM, ν < ν_c	0.90 ± 0.06	2.88	2.36
Wind, ν < ν_c	1.40 ± 0.06	−9.76	−11.03

		α_2, opt = 0.93 ± 0.04	α_2, X = 0.93 ± 0.04

ISM, wind, ν > ν_c	1.15 ± 0.06	3.02	0.69 ^(b)
ISM, ν < ν_c	0.90 ± 0.06	−0.50 ^(b)	−2.77
Wind, ν < ν_c	1.40 ± 0.06	−13.17	−15.25

Notes.

^(a)

The σ-level is the difference of the predicted and the observed temporal slope, normalised to the square root of the sum of their quadratic errors.

^(b)

The solution that matches the closure relations within 1σ is highlighted in bold (see Sect. 3.3).

^(c)

We follow the common use and refer to the constant-density medium as ISM.

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