Surface elevation (in m) of La Silla for PRIMAVERA (a-f) and ERA5 (g). Longitude is on the x-axis, latitude on the y-axis, both in degrees. The horizontal resolution of each model in this regional excerpt is given in degrees as latitude×longitude. The land-sea masks are shown with coloured contour lines, while the black contours represent the real border between land and sea. Black dots indicate the location of the La Silla observatory. The red dots indicate the models’ nearest grid point to the La Silla observatory. Its elevation is 2400 m. For a global map view of the site location, see Figure 1.