Fig. 6

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SPH simulations and resulting size-frequency distributions of the Kalliope family: initial conditions (0 s; top), end of the fragmentation phase (10 000 s; middle), and end of the re-accumulation phase (300 000 s; bottom). We tested different initial conditions: homogeneous sphere (Col. 1), differentiated sphere (Col. 2), homogeneous Maclaurin ellipsoid (Col. 3), and differentiated Maclaurin ellipsoid (Col. 4). The title (XXX_YY_Z_ŽŽ) corresponds to the target diameter (in km), projectile diameter (km), impact speed (km s−1), and impact angle (deg). We only plot a subset of SPH particles that have |z| < 10 km to have a clear view of the interior. Their colours correspond to the density, ρ, on the scale: violet (~0), blue (2.7), white (4.1), and yellow (8 g cm−3). Animations are available online.
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