Fig. 5

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Final planet masses vs. time when they reach these masses around r = 0.3 AU of the MMSN model. The planets with masses larger than 0.1 M⊕ are presented, including the fiducial case (red), the type I migration case (yellow), the high pebble flux case (blue), and the low Stokes number case (black). The filled circles are bodies that reach their pebble isolation masses within 1 Myr, while unfilled circles are bodies that experience effective mass growth above 0.1 M⊕ but fail to reach the pebble isolation mass. Time is plotted in ranges, such as 0.1–0.2 Myr or 0.2–0.3 Myr. When the plots are overlapped, they are replaced horizontally on the side in the same time range.
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