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Table A.1.

Model recovery of the four components. For each of the four simulated galaxies used for testing our methods, we list the mass fraction, average age, and metallicity of the disk, bulge, warm component, and hot inner stellar halo within a 2 Re radius. The first values are the ground truth calculated from the simulations directly; the values in the brackets are the mean and standard deviation of our best fitting models within the 1σ confidence level.

Disk Warm Bulge Hot inner stellar halo
TNG50 468590
Luminosity fraction 0.208(0.188 ± 0.004) 0.042(0.066 ± 0.004) 0.418(0.395 ± 0.004) 0.333(0.351 ± 0.004)
Stellar age [Gyr] 4.8(5.1 ± 0.1) 9.2(7.5 ± 0.4) 9.0(9.0 ± 0.04) 9.4(9.1 ± 0.2)
Metallicity [Z/Z] 2.1(2.4 ± 0.1) 1.3(1.4 ± 0.1) 3.1(2.9 ± 0.1) 1.46(1.51 ± 0.05)

TNG50 375073
Luminosity fraction 0.241(0.203 ± 0.003) 0.028(0.054 ± 0.002) 0.509(0.515 ± 0.003) 0.221(0.228 ± 0.005)
Stellar age [Gyr] 4.7(4.2 ± 0.2) 8.8(8.5 ± 0.9) 9.3(9.3 ± 0.1) 9.7(9.9 ± 0.2)
Metallicity [Z/Z] 1.9(2.4 ± 0.1) 1.3(1.5 ± 0.1) 3.0(2.9 ± 0.1) 1.41(1.39 ± 0.04)

TNG50 220596
Luminosity fraction 0.151(0.122 ± 0.003) 0.158(0.149 ± 0.006) 0.477(0.484 ± 0.004) 0.214(0.244 ± 0.008)
Stellar age [Gyr] 8.3(6.9 ± 0.3) 9.1(8.1 ± 0.3) 10.4(10.4 ± 0.1) 9.7(10.5 ± 0.2)
Metallicity [Z/Z] 2.7(3.1 ± 0.2) 2.0(2.0 ± 0.1) 2.8(2.7 ± 0.1) 1.69(1.75 ± 0.05)

TNG50 2
Luminosity fraction 0.136(0.107 ± 0.004) 0.15(0.17 ± 0.01) 0.416(0.402 ± 0.004) 0.30(0.31 ± 0.01)
Stellar age [Gyr] 6.0(5.6 ± 0.2) 6.7(6.4 ± 0.3) 9.3(9.2 ± 0.1) 9.0(9.1 ± 0.2)
Metallicity [Z/Z] 2.2(2.5 ± 0.2) 1.9(2.1 ± 0.1) 2.7(2.6 ± 0.1) 1.70(1.67 ± 0.07)

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