Robustness of the single planet extraction. Top: distribution of the estimated angular separation from the host star of 1000 simulated Earth-twins. The underlying true value is θ = 100 mas, and the average estimated value is 99.7 ± 1.5 mas. The spacing of the bars corresponds to the angular resolution of the grid on which the analysis was performed. Bottom: mean (red dots) with standard deviation (red error bars) of the distribution of the estimated flux values over 1000 simulations of the same artificial planet. The blue line shows the true spectrum, with the blue shaded region enclosing ±1σ based on the photon statistics.